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[Craig Johnson]

How were outwales attached on early closed gunwale canoes. Racine Muskegon in particular but others also. Any photos of gunwale and rail cap profiles would be appreciated.
Thanks.

 

[Benson Gray]

Old Town commonly used small nails as shown at http://www.wcha.org/forums/index.php?threads/old-town-circa-1940.3815/#post-19434 with some dimensions. See http://www.wcha.org/forums/index.php?attachments/40310/ for the Morris profile from a circa 1910 catalog. The pictures at https://woodencanoemuseum.org/manufacturer-catalog/racine-boat-mfg-co-1905 seem to show similar styles. Good luck,

Benson