Untreated canvas

No...you don't need to....but you should. The filler may not adequately or equally penetrate the canvas in all places. Any unfilled canvas is untreated and untreated canvas will eventually mold and rot. The canvas that the filler won't reach is on the inside of the canoe where it will be holding water against the wood....

My preference is to use only treated canvas...
I used to treat the canvas before I filled when I was still able to purchase the material that I needed for that. Treating the stretched canvas before filling it tightens it a bit...not a bad thing.

In order of preference:
1) Treated canvas followed by filler
2) Untreated canvas followed by a fungicide (the old Cuprinol with Zinc Napthenate was the standard)
3) Filler treated with fungicide

In my opinion...others may prefer to add the fungicide to the filler...
 
Do be aware as you use these treatments that they work because they are poisons, many of which have traditionally contained arsenic and other nasty stuff. Reasonable caution is advised when handling them and canvas treated with them. Not something to freak out over, but do be aware and wash your hands well before eating that sandwich.
 
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